Analysis behaviors are those whose only purpose is to prepare data for output. They do not change model state, such as growing trees or updating grid values. They assemble, calculate, or analyze data for the user.
This behavior calculates the amount of carbon per species and its value.
This behavior relies on the Dimension Analysis behavior to calculate each tree's biomass in metric tons. It then multiplies this value by the Carbon Value - Carbon Amount of Biomass (0-100%) parameter to find each tree's amount of carbon in metric tons. This behavior finds the total amount of carbon in each species, and then multiplies it by the Carbon Value - Price Per Metric Ton Carbon to find each species' carbon value.
Both the amount of carbon, in metric tons, for each species and the value of that carbon are saved in a grid called Carbon Value. You can save these values in a detailed output file for analysis.
Apply this behavior to saplings, adults, or snags of any species. These trees must also use the Dimension Analysis behavior. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output setup window for trees will have a tree data member called "Mg Carbon", which has each tree's amount of carbon in metric tons. Also, the Detailed output grid setup window will list the Carbon Value grid. You can then view the contents of this grid as a table using SORTIE's data visualization system.
Behavior reference string: Carbon Value Calculator
This behavior calculates the biomass of trees based on DBH. This approach comes from Jenkins et al, 2004.
The paper above outlines 9 different biomass equations in Table 6, as follows:
ID | Equation |
---|---|
1 | log10 biomass = a + b * (log10(dia c)) |
2 | ln biomass = a + b * dia + c * (ln(dia d)) |
3 | ln biomass = a + b * ln(dia) + c * (d + (e * ln(dia))) |
4 | biomass = a + b * dia + c * (dia d) |
5 | biomass = a + (b * dia) + c * (dia 2) + d * (dia 3) |
6 | biomass = a * (exp(b + (c * ln(dia)) + (d * dia))) |
7 | biomass = a + ((b * (dia c)) / ((dia c) + d)) |
8 | log100 biomass = a + (b * log10(dia)) |
9 | ln biomass = ln(a) + (b * ln(dia)) |
In all equations, dia is DBH. You choose the equation ID that you wish to use for each species.
There are many different published parameters using the equation forms above, which use a range of different units. Thus, you specify what units dia (that is, DBH) is in, and what units of biomass the equation is expected to produce. The possible DBH units are millimeters (mm), centimeters (cm), and inches (in); the possible biomass units are grams (g), kilograms (kg), and pounds (lb). This behavior handles all unit conversions so that biomass is appropriately calculated. The final biomass values are reported in metric tons (Mg).
For those equations that calculate log10, log100, or ln biomass, some papers specify a correction factor to remove bias that may be introduced when biomass is calculated. If you wish, you may use such a correction factor. Set the value of the Dimension Analysis: Use Correction Factor? parameter to "true", then specify the appropriate correction factor in the Dimension Analysis Correction Factor parameter. This value is multiplied by the final biomass value.
Apply this behavior to saplings, adults, or snags of any species, and enter parameters in the Parameter edit window. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output setup window for trees will have a tree data member called "Tree Biomass". Add this to your detailed output file to output biomass in metric tons (Mg). You can then view charts and graphs with the resulting volume data using data visualization on your detailed output file.
Behavior reference string: tree biomass calculator
This behavior calculates chemistry components as a function of DBH. The components calculated are N, P, specific leaf area (SLA), percent acid detergent fiber, percent acid detergent cellulose, percent acid detergent lignin, percent condensed tannins, and total phenolics.
For each tree, the foliar dry weight is calculated as:
where
For each component, the amount is the tree's foliar dry weight multiplied by the parameter for that component's concentration.
The weight of each component, in metric tons, is summed for each species and saved in a grid called Foliar Chemistry. You can save these values in a detailed output file for analysis. You of course can skip any of the components by entering 0's for their concentration parameter values.
Apply this behavior to saplings, adults, or snags of any species. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output grid setup window will list the Foliar Chemistry grid. You can then view the contents of this grid as a table using SORTIE's data visualization system.
Behavior reference string: Foliar Chemistry
This behavior calculates the value of merchantable timber.
The value for each tree is calculated by finding out its volume in board feet, and multiplying that by the price for its species. The price is held in the Merchantable Timber Value Price / 1000 Board Feet parameter. The currency used doesn't matter. The tree's final value is placed in a tree data member called "Merchantable Value". The total value for each species is saved in a grid called Merchantable Timber Value. You can save these values in a detailed output file for analysis.
The volume of merchantable timber in a tree depends on its size and form class. These control how many 16-foot logs there are in a tree, and how many board feet of timber (assuming 0.25-inch thickness) those logs can create. The form class is entered in the Merchantable Timber Value Form Class parameter.
The behavior begins by finding out how many 16-foot logs the tree can provide in its bole. The base of the bole is the top of the cut stump; the top of the bole is the merchantable height. This behavior defines the merchantable height as the height at which the trunk diameter inside the bark tapers to 60% of DBH. The behavior tries fitting in as many 16-foot logs as possible before the 60% taper occurs. The amount of taper at the top of the first 16-foot log is established by the tree's form class. A species's form class is the percentage of DBH to which the bole has tapered at the top of the first 16-foot log.
Then the behavior determines how many more logs the tree contains. The amount of taper at the top of the first 16-foot log is subtracted from the DBH, to see how much taper is left before the 60% merchantable-height diameter is reached. There is no formula that establishes clearly how many logs will fit; the behavior uses a trial-and-error approach taken from Messavage and Girard, 1956. This paper includes the table below for upper-log taper for trees of various DBH and bole heights. The behavior uses this table to determine the maximum number of logs it can fit into the taper available.
Trees below 10 inches of DBH contain no merchantable timber and have a value of zero. Trees greater than 40 inches of DBH are treated like 40-inch trees.
Once the behavior figures out how many 16-foot logs a tree contains, it uses another set of tables, based on form class, to determine how many board-feet of timber the tree contains. These tables are also from Messavage and Girard, 1956, and are shown below.
Average upper-log taper (inches) in 16-foot logsDBH (in) | 2-log tree | 3-log tree | 4-log tree | 5-log tree | 6-log tree | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2d log | 2d log | 3d log | 2d log | 3d log | 4th log | 2d log | 3d log | 4th log | 5th log | 2d log | 3d log | 4th log | 5th log | 6th log | |
10 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
12 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.9 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
14 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
16 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
18 | 2 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
20 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 2.9 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
22 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2 | 1.4 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.9 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
24 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
26 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 3.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
28 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 4.4 |
30 | 2.6 | 2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 3 | 1.2 | 2 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 4.5 |
32 | 2.7 | 2 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 1 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 4.6 |
34 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 3 | 3.8 | 1 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 4.7 |
36 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 4.9 |
38 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 5.1 |
40 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 5.3 |
DBH (inches) | 1 log | 2 logs | 3 logs | 4 logs | 5 logs | 6 logs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 36 | 59 | 73 | --- | --- | --- |
11 | 46 | 76 | 96 | --- | --- | --- |
12 | 56 | 92 | 120 | 137 | --- | --- |
13 | 67 | 112 | 147 | 168 | --- | --- |
14 | 78 | 132 | 174 | 200 | --- | --- |
15 | 92 | 156 | 208 | 242 | --- | --- |
16 | 106 | 180 | 241 | 285 | --- | --- |
17 | 121 | 206 | 278 | 330 | --- | --- |
18 | 136 | 233 | 314 | 374 | --- | --- |
19 | 154 | 264 | 358 | 427 | --- | --- |
20 | 171 | 296 | 401 | 480 | 542 | --- |
21 | 191 | 332 | 450 | 542 | 616 | --- |
22 | 211 | 368 | 500 | 603 | 691 | --- |
23 | 231 | 404 | 552 | 663 | 714 | --- |
24 | 251 | 441 | 605 | 723 | 782 | --- |
25 | 275 | 484 | 665 | 800 | 865 | --- |
26 | 299 | 528 | 725 | 877 | 1,021 | --- |
27 | 323 | 572 | 788 | 952 | 1,111 | --- |
28 | 347 | 616 | 850 | 1,027 | 1,201 | 1,358 |
29 | 375 | 667 | 920 | 1,112 | 1,308 | 1,488 |
30 | 403 | 718 | 991 | 1,198 | 1,415 | 1,619 |
31 | 432 | 772 | 1,070 | 1,299 | 1,526 | 1,754 |
32 | 462 | 826 | 1,149 | 1,400 | 1,637 | 1,888 |
33 | 492 | 880 | 1,226 | 1,495 | 1,750 | 2,026 |
34 | 521 | 934 | 1,304 | 1,590 | 1,864 | 2,163 |
35 | 555 | 998 | 1,394 | 1,702 | 2,000 | 2,312 |
36 | 589 | 1,063 | 1,485 | 1,814 | 2,135 | 2,461 |
37 | 622 | 1,124 | 1,578 | 1,926 | 2,272 | 2,616 |
38 | 656 | 1,186 | 1,670 | 2,038 | 2,410 | 2,771 |
39 | 694 | 1,258 | 1,769 | 2,166 | 2,552 | 2,937 |
40 | 731 | 1,329 | 1,868 | 2,294 | 2,693 | 3,103 |
DBH (inches) | 1 log | 2 logs | 3 logs | 4 logs | 5 logs | 6 logs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 38 | 61 | 77 | --- | --- | --- |
11 | 48 | 78 | 100 | --- | --- | --- |
12 | 58 | 96 | 124 | 141 | --- | --- |
13 | 70 | 117 | 153 | 176 | --- | --- |
14 | 82 | 138 | 182 | 211 | --- | --- |
15 | 95 | 160 | 214 | 252 | --- | --- |
16 | 108 | 183 | 246 | 292 | --- | --- |
17 | 124 | 212 | 286 | 340 | --- | --- |
18 | 140 | 240 | 325 | 388 | --- | --- |
19 | 158 | 272 | 370 | 442 | --- | --- |
20 | 176 | 305 | 414 | 496 | 561 | --- |
21 | 196 | 342 | 464 | 558 | 636 | --- |
22 | 216 | 378 | 514 | 621 | 710 | --- |
23 | 238 | 418 | 571 | 687 | 792 | --- |
24 | 260 | 458 | 628 | 753 | 875 | --- |
25 | 282 | 499 | 685 | 826 | 960 | --- |
26 | 305 | 540 | 742 | 899 | 1,046 | --- |
27 | 331 | 588 | 810 | 980 | 1,144 | --- |
28 | 357 | 635 | 877 | 1,061 | 1,242 | 1,404 |
29 | 385 | 686 | 948 | 1,148 | 1,350 | 1,537 |
30 | 413 | 737 | 1,020 | 1,235 | 1,458 | 1,670 |
31 | 444 | 792 | 1,100 | 1,338 | 1,572 | 1,808 |
32 | 474 | 848 | 1,181 | 1,440 | 1,685 | 1,945 |
33 | 506 | 907 | 1,265 | 1,544 | 1,808 | 2,094 |
34 | 538 | 966 | 1,349 | 1,647 | 1,932 | 2,244 |
35 | 570 | 1,026 | 1,435 | 1,754 | 2,000 | 2,384 |
36 | 602 | 1,087 | 1,521 | 1,860 | 2,189 | 2,525 |
37 | 638 | 1,154 | 1,620 | 1,980 | 2,338 | 2,694 |
38 | 674 | 1,220 | 1,720 | 2,101 | 2,488 | 2,862 |
39 | 712 | 1,292 | 1,822 | 2,232 | 2,632 | 3,031 |
40 | 750 | 1,365 | 1,923 | 2,362 | 2,775 | 3,200 |
DBH (inches) | 1 log | 2 logs | 3 logs | 4 logs | 5 logs | 6 logs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 39 | 63 | 80 | --- | --- | --- |
11 | 49 | 80 | 104 | --- | --- | --- |
12 | 59 | 98 | 127 | 146 | --- | --- |
13 | 71 | 120 | 156 | 181 | --- | --- |
14 | 83 | 141 | 186 | 216 | --- | --- |
15 | 98 | 166 | 221 | 260 | --- | --- |
16 | 112 | 190 | 256 | 305 | --- | --- |
17 | 128 | 219 | 296 | 354 | --- | --- |
18 | 144 | 248 | 336 | 402 | --- | --- |
19 | 162 | 281 | 382 | 457 | --- | --- |
20 | 181 | 314 | 427 | 512 | 580 | --- |
21 | 201 | 350 | 478 | 575 | 656 | --- |
22 | 221 | 387 | 528 | 638 | 732 | --- |
23 | 244 | 428 | 586 | 706 | 816 | --- |
24 | 266 | 469 | 644 | 773 | 899 | --- |
25 | 290 | 514 | 706 | 852 | 992 | --- |
26 | 315 | 558 | 767 | 931 | 1,086 | --- |
27 | 341 | 606 | 836 | 1,014 | 1,185 | --- |
28 | 367 | 654 | 904 | 1,096 | 1,284 | 1,453 |
29 | 396 | 706 | 977 | 1,184 | 1,394 | 1,588 |
30 | 424 | 758 | 1,050 | 1,272 | 1,503 | 1,723 |
31 | 454 | 814 | 1,132 | 1,376 | 1,618 | 1,862 |
32 | 485 | 870 | 1,213 | 1,480 | 1,733 | 2,001 |
33 | 518 | 930 | 1,298 | 1,586 | 1,858 | 2,152 |
34 | 550 | 989 | 1,383 | 1,691 | 1,984 | 2,304 |
35 | 585 | 1,055 | 1,477 | 1,806 | 2,124 | 2,458 |
36 | 620 | 1,121 | 1,571 | 1,922 | 2,264 | 2,612 |
37 | 656 | 1,188 | 1,672 | 2,044 | 2,416 | 2,783 |
38 | 693 | 1,256 | 1,772 | 2,167 | 2,568 | 2,954 |
39 | 732 | 1,330 | 1,874 | 2,300 | 2,714 | 3,127 |
40 | 770 | 1,403 | 1,977 | 2,432 | 2,860 | 3,300 |
DBH (inches) | 1 log | 2 logs | 3 logs | 4 logs | 5 logs | 6 logs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 40 | 65 | 82 | --- | --- | --- |
11 | 50 | 82 | 106 | --- | --- | --- |
12 | 60 | 100 | 130 | 150 | --- | --- |
13 | 72 | 122 | 160 | 186 | --- | --- |
14 | 85 | 144 | 190 | 221 | --- | --- |
15 | 100 | 170 | 228 | 268 | --- | --- |
16 | 115 | 197 | 265 | 316 | --- | --- |
17 | 132 | 226 | 306 | 366 | --- | --- |
18 | 148 | 256 | 346 | 415 | --- | --- |
19 | 166 | 290 | 392 | 471 | --- | --- |
20 | 185 | 323 | 439 | 527 | 598 | --- |
21 | 206 | 360 | 492 | 592 | 676 | --- |
22 | 227 | 398 | 544 | 656 | 754 | --- |
23 | 250 | 439 | 602 | 724 | 838 | --- |
24 | 272 | 480 | 659 | 791 | 923 | --- |
25 | 298 | 528 | 726 | 877 | 1,024 | --- |
26 | 324 | 575 | 793 | 963 | 1,124 | --- |
27 | 351 | 624 | 863 | 1,047 | 1,226 | --- |
28 | 378 | 674 | 933 | 1,131 | 1,327 | 1,502 |
29 | 406 | 726 | 1,006 | 1,220 | 1,438 | 1,640 |
30 | 435 | 779 | 1,080 | 1,310 | 1,549 | 1,777 |
31 | 466 | 836 | 1,162 | 1,416 | 1,666 | 1,918 |
32 | 497 | 892 | 1,245 | 1,522 | 1,784 | 2,059 |
33 | 530 | 953 | 1,332 | 1,628 | 1,910 | 2,214 |
34 | 563 | 1,014 | 1,419 | 1,734 | 2,037 | 2,368 |
35 | 600 | 1,084 | 1,518 | 1,859 | 2,188 | 2,534 |
36 | 637 | 1,154 | 1,618 | 1,984 | 2,338 | 2,700 |
37 | 674 | 1,223 | 1,721 | 2,109 | 2,494 | 2,874 |
38 | 712 | 1,292 | 1,824 | 2,234 | 2,649 | 3,049 |
39 | 751 | 1,366 | 1,928 | 2,368 | 2,796 | 3,224 |
40 | 790 | 1,441 | 2,032 | 2,502 | 2,944 | 3,399 |
DBH (inches) | 1 log | 2 logs | 3 logs | 4 logs | 5 logs | 6 logs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 43 | 71 | 91 | --- | --- | --- |
11 | 54 | 91 | 118 | --- | --- | --- |
12 | 66 | 111 | 145 | 168 | --- | --- |
13 | 80 | 135 | 178 | 208 | --- | --- |
14 | 93 | 159 | 212 | 248 | --- | --- |
15 | 108 | 185 | 249 | 295 | --- | --- |
16 | 123 | 211 | 286 | 342 | --- | --- |
17 | 142 | 244 | 332 | 398 | --- | --- |
18 | 160 | 277 | 377 | 453 | --- | --- |
19 | 180 | 314 | 428 | 524 | --- | --- |
20 | 200 | 351 | 479 | 576 | 657 | --- |
21 | 223 | 392 | 537 | 649 | 744 | --- |
22 | 246 | 434 | 595 | 722 | 830 | --- |
23 | 271 | 480 | 660 | 798 | 925 | --- |
24 | 296 | 525 | 724 | 873 | 1,020 | --- |
25 | 322 | 572 | 790 | 958 | 1,118 | --- |
26 | 347 | 619 | 855 | 1,042 | 1,217 | --- |
27 | 376 | 673 | 932 | 1,136 | 1,331 | --- |
28 | 406 | 727 | 1,010 | 1,230 | 1,445 | 1,636 |
29 | 438 | 786 | 1,092 | 1,330 | 1,569 | 1,790 |
30 | 470 | 844 | 1,173 | 1,429 | 1,693 | 1,943 |
31 | 504 | 907 | 1,265 | 1,546 | 1,823 | 2,101 |
32 | 538 | 970 | 1,357 | 1,664 | 1,953 | 2,259 |
33 | 574 | 1,037 | 1,453 | 1,782 | 2,096 | 2,431 |
34 | 611 | 1,104 | 1,549 | 1,901 | 2,240 | 2,603 |
35 | 647 | 1,173 | 1,648 | 2,023 | 2,387 | 2,766 |
36 | 683 | 1,242 | 1,746 | 2,145 | 2,534 | 2,929 |
37 | 724 | 1,318 | 1,859 | 2,284 | 2,706 | 3,123 |
38 | 765 | 1,393 | 1,972 | 2,422 | 2,877 | 3,317 |
39 | 808 | 1,476 | 2,088 | 2,570 | 3,042 | 3,512 |
40 | 851 | 1,558 | 2,203 | 2,719 | 3,208 | 3,706 |
DBH (inches) | 1 log | 2 logs | 3 logs | 4 logs | 5 logs | 6 logs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 45 | 74 | 94 | --- | --- | --- |
11 | 56 | 94 | 122 | --- | --- | --- |
12 | 68 | 114 | 150 | 173 | --- | --- |
13 | 82 | 138 | 184 | 214 | --- | --- |
14 | 95 | 163 | 217 | 254 | --- | --- |
15 | 111 | 191 | 257 | 304 | --- | --- |
16 | 127 | 219 | 297 | 355 | --- | --- |
17 | 146 | 252 | 342 | 412 | --- | --- |
18 | 164 | 285 | 388 | 468 | --- | --- |
19 | 184 | 322 | 440 | 531 | --- | --- |
20 | 205 | 360 | 492 | 594 | 678 | --- |
21 | 228 | 402 | 550 | 667 | 765 | --- |
22 | 251 | 444 | 609 | 740 | 852 | --- |
23 | 276 | 490 | 675 | 818 | 950 | --- |
24 | 302 | 537 | 741 | 895 | 1,047 | --- |
25 | 330 | 588 | 812 | 986 | 1,153 | --- |
26 | 357 | 638 | 882 | 1,076 | 1,259 | --- |
27 | 387 | 693 | 961 | 1,172 | 1,374 | --- |
28 | 417 | 745 | 1,040 | 1,267 | 1,490 | 1,689 |
29 | 448 | 807 | 1,122 | 1,368 | 1,616 | 1,844 |
30 | 481 | 866 | 1,205 | 1,469 | 1,741 | 1,999 |
31 | 516 | 930 | 1,298 | 1,588 | 1,874 | 2,160 |
32 | 550 | 993 | 1,391 | 1,706 | 2,006 | 2,321 |
33 | 587 | 1,061 | 1,488 | 1,827 | 2,150 | 2,495 |
34 | 624 | 1,129 | 1,586 | 1,948 | 2,294 | 2,669 |
35 | 663 | 1,204 | 1,692 | 2,080 | 2,454 | 2,846 |
36 | 702 | 1,278 | 1,797 | 2,212 | 2,614 | 3,022 |
37 | 744 | 1,355 | 1,912 | 2,352 | 2,788 | 3,219 |
38 | 785 | 1,432 | 2,027 | 2,493 | 2,962 | 3,416 |
39 | 828 | 1,515 | 2,144 | 2,644 | 3,130 | 3,614 |
40 | 872 | 1,598 | 2,260 | 2,795 | 3,298 | 3,813 |
Apply this behavior to saplings, adults, or snags of any species, and enter parameters in the Parameter edit window. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output setup window for trees will have a tree data member called "Merchantable Value". Add this to your detailed output file to output volume in cubic feet. You can also use the Detailed output grid setup window to save the data members in the Merchantable Timber Value grid, which contains the total value for each species. You can then view the contents of this grid as a table using SORTIE's data visualization system.
Behavior reference string: Merch Value Calculator
This behavior calculates biomass as a linear function of DBH, partitioned into leaf, branch, and bole biomass.
The mass of all components is calculated using the same equation, but using different parameters. The equation is:
where
The amount of each type of biomass, in metric tons, for each species is saved in a grid called Partitioned Biomass. You can save these values in a detailed output file for analysis. You of course can skip any of the components by entering 0's for their parameter values.
Apply this behavior to saplings, adults, or snags of any species. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output grid setup window will list the Partitioned Biomass grid. You can then view the contents of this grid as a table using SORTIE's data visualization system.
Behavior reference string: Partitioned DBH Biomass
This behavior calculates biomass as a linear function of tree height, partitioned into leaf and bole biomass.
The biomass of leaves and boles is calculated using the same equation, but using different parameters. The equation is:
where
The amount of each type of biomass, in metric tons, for each species is saved in a grid called Partitioned Biomass. You can save these values in a detailed output file for analysis.
Apply this behavior to saplings, adults, or snags of any species. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output grid setup window will list the Partitioned Biomass grid. You can then view the contents of this grid as a table using SORTIE's data visualization system.
Behavior reference string: Partitioned Height Biomass
This behavior calculates the relative neighborhood density index (Ω) as described in Condit et al 2000. Ω is a measure of the aggregation of a species. It is the average density of conspecific neighbors at a certain distance divided by the overall density of trees in the plot. A perfectly random distribution of individuals for a species would result in Ω = 1. Ω > 1 at short distances indicates species aggregation. Ω < 1 at short distances indicates spacing among individuals.
Ω values are calculated for each species for a succession of distances out to a maximum. For each tree, the conspecific neighbors are counted in an ring described by the radii x to Δx. This value is divided by the area of the ring to get the density of neighbors at that distance. This density is averaged over all trees of each species. This average density of neighbors at a given distance is then relativized by dividing by the density of that species across the plot.
where:
The size of the distance increment, x, is given in the Relative Neighborhood Density - Distance Increment (m) parameter. The maximum distance out to which to calculate Ω is given in the Relative Neighborhood Density - Maximum Distance (m) parameter.
Only saplings and adult trees are included in Ω calculations.
The resulting Ω values are stored in the Relative Neighborhood Density grid.
Add this behavior to your run. There is no need to apply it to specific tree species or types. Indeed, any such specifications will be ignored. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output grid setup window will list the Relative Neighborhood Density grid. Save all the data members of this grid. You can then view the Ω values as a line graph and use the graph to save the Ω values as a text file.
Behavior reference string: Condit's Omega
This behavior calculates the Ripley's K function for all trees in the plot as well as for the members of each species.
The Ripley's K function is a measure of the way trees are spatially distributed across the plot. K values are calculated repeatedly for a succession of distances out to a maximum, giving a curve. The Ripley's K statistic for a given distance t is calculated as:
where:
The size of the distance increment is given in the Ripley's K - Distance Increment (m) parameter. The maximum distance out to which to calculate K is given in the Ripley's K - Maximum Distance (m) parameter. Most Ripley's K formulas come with a term for edge correction, which is not needed in SORTIE-ND as the plot has no edges. (See the SORTIE-ND Plot topic for more on the plot's shape.)
Only saplings and adult trees are included in K calculations.
The K values are calculated for all trees in the plot as well as for individual species. In the case of an individual species, X is the number of pairs of trees of that species, and n is the total number of trees of that species.
The resulting K values are stored in the Ripley's K grid.
Add this behavior to your run. There is no need to apply it to specific tree species or types. Indeed, any such specifications will be ignored. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output grid setup window will list the Ripley's K grid. Save all the data members of this grid. You can then view the K values as a line graph and use the graph to save the K values as a text file.
Behavior reference string: Ripley's K
This behavior calculates biomass of trees killed in storms as a linear function of DBH, partitioned into leaf, branch, and bole biomass.
Biomass is calculated in exactly the same way and using the same parameters as for the Partitioned DBH Biomass behavior, except it only calculates the biomass of those trees killed by the Storm killer behavior.
Apply this behavior to saplings, adults, or snags of any species. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output grid setup window will list the Storm Killed Partitioned Biomass grid. You can then view the contents of this grid as a table using SORTIE's data visualization system.
Behavior reference string: Storm Killed Partitioned DBH Biomass
This behavior calculates biomass of trees killed in storms as a linear function of tree height, partitioned into leaf and bole biomass.
Biomass is calculated in exactly the same way and using the same parameters as for the Partitioned Palm Biomass behavior, except it only calculates the biomass of those trees killed by the Storm killer behavior.
Apply this behavior to saplings, adults, or snags of any species. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output grid setup window will list the Storm Killed Partitioned Biomass grid. You can then view the contents of this grid as a table using SORTIE's data visualization system.
Behavior reference string: Storm Killed Partitioned Height Biomass
This behavior calculates tree age.
The age of a tree, in years, is kept in a tree data member called "Tree Age" and updated each timestep. If this behavior is after the establishment behaviors, new seedlings will have an age equal to one timestep on the timestep they are created.
Some trees can be created at the beginning of a run, either in a tree map or to provide a specified initial tree density. These trees are given an age of 10000, so they can be easily distinguished from trees created during a run. If a tree map is provided and the trees are specifically given an age in the map, that age is kept and they are not re-assigned an age of 10000.
This behavior may not be applied to snags, since they have a different age counter.
Apply this behavior to the trees for which you want to track age. You can then save the "Tree Age" data in a detailed output file for analysis.
Behavior reference string: Tree Age Calculator
This behavior calculates merchantable tree volume. Make sure to distinguish between this behavior and the other tree volume behavior.
Tree volume is calculated as follows:
where:
The bole length is the number of 16-foot logs the tree can provide, in feet (i.e. 3 logs = bole length of 48 feet). The base of the bole is the top of the cut stump; the top of the bole is the merchantable height. This behavior defines the merchantable height as the height at which the trunk diameter inside the bark tapers to 60% of DBH.
To determine at what bole length the merchantable height occurs, the behavior tries fitting in as many 16-foot logs as possible before the 60% taper occurs. The amount of taper at the top of the first 16-foot log is established by the form classes. A species's form class is the percentage of DBH to which the bole has tapered at the top of the first 16-foot log. This value is entered as the Bole Volume Form Class, 60% - 100% parameter.
Then the behavior determines how many more logs the tree contains. The amount of taper at the top of the first 16-foot log is subtracted from the DBH, to see how much taper is left before the 60% merchantable-height diameter is reached. There is no formula that establishes clearly how many logs will fit; the behavior uses a trial-and-error approach taken from Messavage and Girard, 1956. This paper includes the table below for upper-log taper for trees of various DBH and bole heights. The behavior uses this table to determine the maximum number of logs it can fit into the taper available.
Trees below 10 inches of DBH have no volume. Trees greater than 40 inches of DBH are treated like 40-inch trees.
DBH (in) | 2-log tree | 3-log tree | 4-log tree | 5-log tree | 6-log tree | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2d log | 2d log | 3d log | 2d log | 3d log | 4th log | 2d log | 3d log | 4th log | 5th log | 2d log | 3d log | 4th log | 5th log | 6th log | |
10 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
12 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 1.4 | 1.9 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
14 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
16 | 1.9 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 1.6 | 2.1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
18 | 2 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.3 | 1.7 | 2.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
20 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.4 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 2.2 | 2.9 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
22 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 2 | 1.4 | 2 | 2.5 | 1.1 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.9 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
24 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 2.6 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 2.4 | 3.1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
26 | 2.4 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 1.1 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 3.2 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
28 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 4.4 |
30 | 2.6 | 2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 3 | 1.2 | 2 | 2.7 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 4.5 |
32 | 2.7 | 2 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 3.7 | 1 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 3.2 | 4.6 |
34 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 2.5 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 2.1 | 3 | 3.8 | 1 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 4.7 |
36 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 3.3 | 4.9 |
38 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 1.3 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 3.9 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 5.1 |
40 | 2.9 | 2.2 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 3.4 | 1.4 | 2.3 | 3.2 | 4 | 1.2 | 1.5 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 5.3 |
Apply this behavior to saplings, adults, or snags of any species, and enter parameters in the Parameter edit window. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output setup window for trees will have a tree data member called "Tree Bole Volume". Add this to your detailed output file to output volume in cubic feet. You can then view charts and graphs with the resulting volume data using data visualization on your detailed output file.
Behavior reference string: tree bole volume calculator
This behavior calculates the volume of tree trunks. It can be used to find both merchantable volume and total volume. Make sure to distinguish between this behavior and the other tree volume behavior.
Tree volume is estimated by dividing the trunk into segments, and calculating the volume of each segment. You control where the trunk starts and stops, and the length of segments used.
Trunks start at the value in the Height to Begin Calculating Trunk Volume, in cm parameter. To calculate merchantable volume, set this to the average stump height. To calculate total volume, set this to zero. Trunks end when their diameter inside the tree bark becomes smaller than the volume in the Minimum Trunk Diameter for Volume Calculations, in cm parameter. For merchantable volume, set this to the minimum usable diameter. For total volume, set this to zero.
Trunks are divided into segments for volume calculations. The length of these segments is set in the Trunk Segment Length for Volume Calculations, in m parameter. Setting this to a smaller value increases the accuracy of the calculations. Setting this to a larger value increases the speed at which the calculations are made. The total tree's volume is the sum of the volumes of each of the segments. Any segments whose beginning or ending diameter is less than the value in the Minimum Trunk Diameter for Volume Calculations, in cm parameter are not included in the volume total.
The volume of a tree trunk segment is found as follows:
where:
The cross-sectional area of a tree trunk at a particular point above the ground (such as at the beginning or end of a trunk segment) is calculated as:
where A is the cross-sectional area, in square meters, and d is the diameter of the tree inside the bark at that height, in meters.
To find the diameter of the tree trunk inside the bark at a particular height above the ground, the taper equation is used. (This equation comes from Kozak (2004) Forest Chronicle 80: 507 - 515; it's the "2002 model"). The equation is:
where:
SORTIE-ND considers its DBH parameter to be diameter without bark. To find the diameter outside the bark, the equation is:
where:
Important note. The math in this behavior is particularly susceptible to producing extreme numbers if the parameters are not chosen very carefully. These extreme numbers (incredibly large or small numbers) will crash SORTIE if they happen, and cannot be guarded against ahead of time. Be very careful when selecting parameters, and test your parameters to ensure they produce sensible results for a wide range of tree sizes. If you have problems with SORTIE crashing, try verifying that this behavior is the problem by removing it from the run and trying again. If you can verify that this behavior is the problem, carefully re-examine your parameters.
Apply this behavior to saplings, adults, or snags of any species, and enter parameters in the Parameter edit window. This behavior does not automatically create output. Once you have added this behavior to your run, the Detailed output setup window for trees will have a tree data member called "Tree Volume". Add this to your detailed output file to output volume in cubic meters. You can then view charts and graphs with the resulting volume data using data visualization on your detailed output file.
Behavior reference string: tree volume calculator